{"id":7185,"date":"2023-02-01T16:43:54","date_gmt":"2023-02-01T16:43:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/?p=7185"},"modified":"2023-02-01T16:43:57","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T16:43:57","slug":"quest-ce-que-lattachement-en-psychologie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/2023\/02\/01\/quest-ce-que-lattachement-en-psychologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&rsquo;est-ce que l&rsquo;attachement en psychologie ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"db567aefa9b9073415b194386f2f1045\" data-index=\"3\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px 0 0px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<!-- Code \u00e0 placer \u00e0 l'endroit ou vous voulez afficher les publicit\u00e9s -->\r\n<div id=\"afrikad-slot-1741-p-1\"\r\n     data-afrikad\r\n     data-slot-id=\"1741\" \r\n     data-dynamic-countries=\"tg\"\r\n     style=\"margin: auto; width: 300px; height: 275px;\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<!-- Code \u00e0 placer de pr\u00e9ference une seule fois en bas de page -->\r\n<script>\r\n    (function (d) {\r\n        if (window.afrikadInit == null) {\r\n            window.afrikadInit = function (sdk) {\r\n                sdk.autoload();\r\n            };\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        var js, ajs = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];\r\n        if (d.getElementById('afrikad-sdk')) {\r\n            return;\r\n        }\r\n        js = d.createElement('script');\r\n        js.id = \"afrikad-sdk\";\r\n        js.src = \"https:\/\/www.afrikad.com\/build\/latest\/js\/sdk.js\";\r\n        ajs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ajs);\r\n    }(document));\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">La\u00a0<strong>th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;attachement<\/strong>\u00a0est un\u00a0champ\u00a0de la\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/2021\/09\/25\/pourquoi-la-psychologie-est-elle-a-lordre-du-jour\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"5075\">psychologie<\/a>\u00a0qui traite d&rsquo;un aspect sp\u00e9cifique des relations entre \u00eatres humains. Son principe de base est qu&rsquo;un jeune enfant a besoin, pour conna\u00eetre un d\u00e9veloppement social et \u00e9motionnel normal, de d\u00e9velopper une relation d&rsquo;attachement avec au moins une personne qui prend soin de lui de fa\u00e7on coh\u00e9rente et continue (\u00ab\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=49498d76f0334d8cJmltdHM9MTY3NTIwOTYwMCZpZ3VpZD0zMGY0OTg4ZS03Y2Y0LTZhZDUtMDA0NC04OTUxN2Q4NjZiZTgmaW5zaWQ9NTE3Mg&amp;ptn=3&amp;hsh=3&amp;fclid=30f4988e-7cf4-6ad5-0044-89517d866be8&amp;psq=qu%27est+ce+qu%27un+caregiver&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2Fpcm4uaW5mby9yZXZ1ZS1lbmZhbmNlcy1ldC1wc3ktMjAxNS0yLXBhZ2UtODguaHRt&amp;ntb=1\">caregiver<\/a><\/em>\u00a0\u00bb). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">C&rsquo;est dans ce sens qu&rsquo;on peut dire que l&rsquo;attachement est primordial pour l&rsquo;\u00e9volution psychologique de l&rsquo;enfant. Cette th\u00e9orie a \u00e9t\u00e9 formalis\u00e9e par le\u00a0psychiatre\u00a0et\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/psychanalyste\">psychanalyste<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Bowlby\">John Bowlby<\/a> apr\u00e8s les travaux de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Winnicott\">Winnicott<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konrad_Lorenz\">Lorenz<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_Harlow\">Harlow<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Au sens de la th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;attachement, le\u00a0comportement\u00a0infantile associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;attachement est essentiellement la recherche de\u00a0<em>proximit\u00e9<\/em>\u00a0avec une\u00a0<em>figure d&rsquo;attachement<\/em>\u00a0lors de la survenue de situations de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/votre-resistance-au-stress\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"5563\">stress<\/a>. Les enfants en bas \u00e2ge s&rsquo;attachent aux adultes qui se montrent sensibles et attentionn\u00e9s aux\u00a0interactions sociales\u00a0avec eux, et qui gardent leur statut de\u00a0<em>caregiver<\/em>\u00a0d&rsquo;une fa\u00e7on stable au moins plusieurs mois durant la p\u00e9riode qui va de l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de six mois environ jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 deux ans. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Vers la fin de cette p\u00e9riode, les enfants commencent \u00e0 utiliser les\u00a0<em>figures d&rsquo;attachement<\/em>\u00a0(c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire l&rsquo;entourage familier) comme\u00a0<em>base de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em>\u00a0\u00e0 partir de laquelle ils vont explorer le monde, et vers qui ils savent qu&rsquo;ils peuvent retourner. <\/p><div class=\"db567aefa9b9073415b194386f2f1045\" data-index=\"3\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px 0 0px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<!-- Code \u00e0 placer \u00e0 l'endroit ou vous voulez afficher les publicit\u00e9s -->\r\n<div id=\"afrikad-slot-1741-p-1\"\r\n     data-afrikad\r\n     data-slot-id=\"1741\" \r\n     data-dynamic-countries=\"tg\"\r\n     style=\"margin: auto; width: 300px; height: 275px;\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n<!-- Code \u00e0 placer de pr\u00e9ference une seule fois en bas de page -->\r\n<script>\r\n    (function (d) {\r\n        if (window.afrikadInit == null) {\r\n            window.afrikadInit = function (sdk) {\r\n                sdk.autoload();\r\n            };\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        var js, ajs = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];\r\n        if (d.getElementById('afrikad-sdk')) {\r\n            return;\r\n        }\r\n        js = d.createElement('script');\r\n        js.id = \"afrikad-sdk\";\r\n        js.src = \"https:\/\/www.afrikad.com\/build\/latest\/js\/sdk.js\";\r\n        ajs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ajs);\r\n    }(document));\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Les r\u00e9ponses de l&rsquo;entourage au comportement de l&rsquo;enfant guident le d\u00e9veloppement de\u00a0<em>sch\u00e8mes\u00a0d&rsquo;attachement<\/em>\u00a0(des mod\u00e8les op\u00e9rationnels de l&rsquo;environnement et de l&rsquo;organisme construits et \u00e9labor\u00e9s par l&rsquo;enfant)\u00a0; ceux-ci seront \u00e0 leur tour la base de la mise en place des\u00a0<em>mod\u00e8les internes op\u00e9rants<\/em>\u00a0qui r\u00e9giront les sentiments, pens\u00e9es et attentes des individus par rapport \u00e0 leurs relations, et ce d\u00e8s l&rsquo;enfance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">L&rsquo;angoisse de s\u00e9paration ou la douleur qui suivent la perte d&rsquo;une figure d&rsquo;attachement est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e, de la part d&rsquo;un jeune enfant, comme une r\u00e9ponse normale et adaptative. D&rsquo;un point de vue\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9orie_synth%C3%A9tique_de_l%27%C3%A9volution\">\u00e9volutionniste<\/a>, cet ensemble de comportements est peut-\u00eatre apparu du fait qu&rsquo;il accro\u00eet la probabilit\u00e9 de survie d&rsquo;un enfant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sources<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nicole Gu\u00e9deney et Antoine Gu\u00e9deney,&nbsp;<em>L&rsquo;attachement&nbsp;: concepts et applications<\/em>, Elsevier Masson, Paris, 2006 (2<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;\u00e9d.),&nbsp;<small>(<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence\/978-2-294-05034-3\">978-2-294-05034-3<\/a>)<\/small>, chapitre 3,&nbsp;<em>L&rsquo;attachement au niveau des repr\u00e9sentations<\/em>, R. Miljkovitch, pp. 25 s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bretherton I, Munholland KA,\u00a0Internal Working Models in Attachment Relationships\u00a0: A Construct Revisited, New York, Cassidy J, Shaver PR, Guilford Press,\u00a0coll.\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research and Clinical Applications\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a01999, 925\u00a0p.\u00a0<small>(<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence\/1-57230-087-6\">1-57230-087-6<\/a>)<\/small>,\u00a0p.\u00a089\u2013114<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bretherton I,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0The Origins of Attachment Theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0<em>Developmental Psychology<\/em>,\u00a0vol.\u00a028,\u200e\u00a01992,\u00a0p.\u00a0759\u00a0<small>(<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_Object_Identifier\">DOI<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.28.5.759\">10.1037\/0012-1649.28.5.759<\/a>)<\/small><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La\u00a0th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;attachement\u00a0est un\u00a0champ\u00a0de la\u00a0psychologie\u00a0qui traite d&rsquo;un aspect sp\u00e9cifique des<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":122,"featured_media":7189,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[1259,207],"class_list":["post-7185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-developpement","tag-caregiver","tag-psychologie"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/monpsychomag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/attachement.jpg?fit=1000%2C667&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/122"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7185"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7190,"href":"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7185\/revisions\/7190"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monpsychomag.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}